Week 6 - Starting the Group Project

Having spent the last 5 weeks working individually on modelling our own heads, the next 6 weeks will be devoted to group work. We will be constructing a model of a steam engine from the Museum of Power in Langford, Maldon.

As a group, we visited the Museum in Week 3 and chose one of the engines in the exhibition. The next stage was to present the idea to the rest of the class and lecturer for approval. A short PowerPoint presentation was shown, highlighting which engine we had chosen to model, what it was originally used for and how the team was to be divided up and work on each part. The presentation was received rather well with positive comments and a couple of suggestions. We were also advised to ensure we knew what measurement we were working in. One suggestion was to include a character in the animation but we decided against this as a group as we felt it may be too much work to complete in such a short space of time.

With our project approved, we set off for our first team meeting to decide our plan of action for the following six weeks!

A Slightly Disappointing End

Although I was quite pleased with what I had modelled in 3D Studio Max, I was a bit disappointed that I ran out of time to try any materials out. I also didn’t get chance to create the ears on my model. I always knew when I started this part of the assignment that it was going to be difficult and time consuming, and I didn’t expect to get too far in the 4 weeks that we had effectively.


Not being very confident with 3D Studio Max, and finding the concept of 3D modelling quite challenging, I was able to complete the tutorial videos up to Part 8. I learned quite a few new techniques with 3DS Max along the way which should become useful when I start the next part of this assignment for this module.

I did run into several problems along the way which I think are partly to blame as to why I only managed to complete what I did. I spent quite a long time with the Topology of my face which was important for the module. It took three attempts to get this right and even then there were still a couple of errors. Once I was into 3DS Max and starting to model, I managed to work ok for a while until I started extruding the splines to create the 3D element, where I found a few more problems with my mesh. I had not correctly drawn in some of the lines and ended up with overlapping lines. These took a while to work out how to solve the problem and actually sort them out. By this time, there was only about a week to go until the hand in date and I was getting worried about how much I would be able to actually complete. However, I still carried on and was able to complete the rest of the head, minus the ears.

The main problem I was up against, as was the same with some other assignments, is time and my time management. I tried to keep on top of the workload, spreading it out equally across the 4 weeks, but due to some other problems mentioned above, I wasn’t able to stick to this schedule as much as I would have liked. Then, not being able to find additional time to work on the model, time ticked away!

If I get time, I am intending to carry on with the model in my own time, even though the hand in date has passed, working through the tutorial videos as I feel the skills I can learn will be helpful to me for the rest of the module. I would like to have a go at creating the ear and then the materials and maps required to put the actual texture onto the 3D model.

Overall, although I haven’t managed to complete the model as far as some of my fellow classmates, I am quite pleased with how much I have personally achieved. When looking at the module in the first week, I thought there was no way I was going to be able to complete this module at all! I have managed to pick up some new skills with 3D studio max which I am also pleased about, and now I look forward to the second part of this assignment.

Neck and Side

To create the rest of the head and neck, I went into edge mode and dragged out the edges from the sphere to continue down the back of the head to the neck. Using the topology I had drawn on in Photoshop as guidelines, I was able to create the required quads for this section. I then started to fill in the centre around the ear area. I worked in circles creating quads by pulling out edges and drawing in any that were needed. When all of the quads were drawn in, I started to move the individual vertexes around using the move tool until they were spaced out correctly.

I then set about extruding the lines out to the side to match the front image. This was quite tricking and in the end was easier when I hid the reference plates as they just seemed to get in the way. I used the soft selection tool to pull the side of the head out in a realistic manner. This worked quite well and I was able to tweak individual vertexes afterwards when turning the Soft Selection off. The area under the chin was also tricky working out exactly where each point had to go. After a bit of trial and error, I managed to get the basic shape setup.


I still had a gap under the chin but I left that for the moment. I then set about connecting the vertexes of the sphere to the front face. I used the Snap to Vertex tool to help with this. I then selected the face and in the modify panel, selected Attach. I then chose the back of the head to attach. This then connected the two pieces of the model together to form one single model. I then selected all of the vertexes and chose the Weld button in the modify panel to connect all the vertexes together so I could continue modelling.


With the two pieces connected, I then started to move vertexes around again in perspective view to get the join right between them. I turned on the turbosmooth to see the end result. I then kept tweaking vertexes until I had a smooth mesh. Unfortunately there were a couple of triangles near the bottom of the face which did result in a slight pinching effect but it was not really obvious.


I then continued to model underneath the chin, extruding lines to create the polygons that I needed to finish the neck. Once I had these created I spent some time moving them into position to create the remainder of the neck.


To start with, the head looked a bit too tall; this was because I had based the sphere around the top of my head, forgetting about my hair on top. To resolve this, I selected all the vertexes on the top of the head and moved them down into the head until they were at the correct height. I then adjusted the other vertexes on the side of the head that were now out of place.


Finally, I had a model of my head that, although didn’t look exactly like me, did have some resembling features!

Back of the Head

As I had spent a lot of time on the previous sections of the head, I was quickly running out of time for this part of the assignment. With less than a week to go, I was only moving onto the back of the head. However, I started modelling to see how far I could get.

The first stage was back in Photoshop with the reference images. On the profile image I drew on more topology, cutting up the image into quads again. This was a little easier than the front image topology as it was nowhere near as complex. I managed to create the guidelines quite easily.

Back in 3DS Max, I reassigned the Photoshop file to the Material map and the reference planes updated themselves automatically. I now had the side topology viewable on the reference planes.

To make drawing all the segments around the back of the head easier, I started by drawing in a sphere to model as the head. I made sure the poles of the sphere were pointing out of the side of the head, and then scaled the sphere slightly to fit the shape of the head better. I then adjusted the number of segments on the head so that there were a similar amount of lines to the top of the face. I lined up the centre line with the centre line of the face.

I then set about removing unwanted segments from the sphere. To start with, in Polygon mode, I set the Paint Selection Marquee, then in the left viewport, holding the Ctrl key, I painted over the unwanted segments in the middle of the sphere and all the ones underneath the surface of the face. I then pressed the delete key and this left me with the back and top of the head which I could then model.

However, as the model was mirrored, I first needed to remove all the segments on the right hand side. To do this, I set the selection back to Rectangular selection and then highlighted all of the segments on the right hand side of the sphere and deleted them. The symmetry modifier would recreate the right hand side for me later.

I then had to attach the vertexes on the sphere to the ones at the top of the head. To do this I turned on the Snap to Vertex mode and then moved the first two from the centre into position. I then moved the vertex furthest on the left using the soft selection tool to ensure the side of the head moved smoothly and more realistic. When I had done this, I turned the Soft Selection tool back off and moved the remaining vertexes into position.

I then removed some of the segments of the sphere as it did not need to be so complex. To do this, I selected edge mode in the modify panel and then selected every other edge around the side of the sphere in the left hand viewport. I then used the Ring tool to select all of the edges parallel to the ones selected. I then clicked the Collapse button in the modify panel and they unselected segments moved to create a simpler shape.

The next stage was to create the back of the neck and side of the head.

Some Extra Detail

To add some more detail to my model, I started with the nostrils. Currently, they were just two holes in the mesh and these needed refining to represent my nostrils properly. First, in the front viewport, I used edge mode to select all the edges around the nostril. Then, while holding down the shift key to clone, I dragged the edges out to create another set of polygons around the nostril. I made sure the end set of polygons connected with each other and the side of the nostril and then welded the vertexes. I then moved them around a little to space them out ready for refining.

To make it easier to model, I split the polygons up into two. First, I selected all the horizontal edges in the new set of polygons. Then, in the modify panel, I used the connect tool to connect all of these edges with a new line, splitting the polygons in two. At the end, a five sided polygon was created by this process. Therefore, I used the create tool in the modify panel to draw in some more polygons and get rid of the five sides.

The end result was not quite like the one shown in the tutorial with perfectly flowing quads all around the nostrils and onto the mirrored surface; however I was happy with what I had created.
Rather than having a hole in the mesh for the nasal passage, I created two new polygons in the space. I then extruded these back inside the head a little way so they actually looked like nostrils and the nasal passage that led back into the head.

The next stage was to remodel these new polygons by moving vertexes around as when I went into the perspective view, the nose did not look realistic as there were loads of new vertexes all around the nose. I spent quite a while trying to get the vertexes in the right place as there was no real guide as to where to place them. As suggested in the tutorial, I tried setting the surface to semi transparent to look at the reference images behind but it was quite complex around that area with a lot of vertexes and edges making it very difficult to see the image so it wasn’t actually much help. After a lot of tweaking around, I eventually got the vertexes into more or less the right position.

The next part of adding more detail was the lips. I used the same method as I did with the nostrils by dragging out more polygons, connecting the horizontal edges to split them into two and then moving the vertexes around until they were in the correct location. This proved easier than the nose to do as the lips are not as complex. I did not quite get them how I would have liked, or how they looked in the tutorial, but I think they were good enough for what I felt I could achieve.

I also created more polygons and moved vertexes around in the eye area. I did not spend quite as much time on this as I would have liked as I was conscious that I was running out of time to try to get as much of the head done as possible. I created more polygons around the edge of the eyelid and then pushed some of the vertexes around the top of the eyelid back into the head. This worked quite well and I managed to get a good effect around the eye.

I turned on the TurboSmooth modifier to look at the changes I had made and I was quite impressed with what I had achieved. There were one or two odd vertexes pointing out at funny angles so I turned off the turbosmooth and readjusted the offending vertexes until I had a nice, smooth surface.

The next stage of the model was to start creating the back of my head.

The Other Side

The next step was to create the other side of my face. Rather than defining and creating the topology again for the other side, the symmetry modifier was used to create an exact copy on the other side. The left hand side was mirrored along its X-axis and flipped to create the right hand side of my face. To start with, this didn’t look quite right as the two halves of the face overlapped a little so there was an odd line down the middle. To rectify this, I selected the Mirror section of the Symmetry modifier and then used the move tool to line the right hand side up to the left hand side. I adjusted them so they were just touching down the centre. This looked much better.
 After this, I looked at any lines of the topology that created straight lines, points and corners and smoothed them out by moving vertexes to create smoother lines that flowed across the face better. When this was done, I used the NURMS subdivision to view a smoother surface. This highlighted some areas that still needed tweaking as there were a couple of sharp points and also a couple of visible lines.


At this point, I also noticed two areas where there were triangle polygons and had not attached properly to the rest of the mesh. It was important that these were sorted; otherwise this would cause even more problems later on. I turned off the NURMS subdivision and selected Edge in the modify panel and removed a couple of edges and then created new edges, creating all quads and no triangles. When I was happy that these had all been sorted, I welded the vertexes together so I was able to carry on with my modelling.

I spent quite a bit of time working on the nose and eye areas as they still didn’t look right. The nose looked to thin and pointy and the corners of the eyes protruded more than they should. I worked first in the front viewport, moving some vertexes around to allow me to adjust the nose better in the side view. I then worked in the side view moving the vertexes on the nose to try to create a better representation. I kept the perspective viewport open so it was clear what each of my vertex moves was doing to the overall model. I then also moved a lot of the vertexes around the eye back into the model a little bit and a bit further for the ones at the corners of the eye. Eventually I got the look I was after and I was quite happy with the result.

Starting the Modelling Process

Now the reference images and planes were all set up in 3D Studio Max, I was ready to start modelling. Spline modelling was the method being used to create the 3d image. To start, I selected the Line tool in the Create Spline panel and started tracing over the quads I had drawn on the front image in Photoshop. I enabled the Snap to Vertex setting so it would be easier to re-create the quads and ensure there were no gaps.

I managed to finish this fairly quickly and finally had a full half face of quads all drawn in on 3D Studio Max. I then selected one of the quads and converted it to editable poly. I then attached all the other splines by going to the modify panel and clicking the Attach button. This then created the mesh for the face. I switched on Edged Faces for the viewport and was able to see all the quads clearly.
As the quads were still all separate, they needed to be fixed together before any further modelling could take place. This was done by selecting all of the vertexes and selecting the Weld option. This then bonded all of the quads together. Finally, I used the ‘Make Planar’ tool in the modify panel to align all the vertexes down the vertical centre. This would help later when mirroring the model.

The next step was to pull the vertexes forwards, using the side image as the reference to create the third dimension of the face. To start with, all the vertexes down the centre vertical were selected. I then used the move tool and in the Left viewport, pulled the vertexes out to meet the front of the image. I then took each individual vertex and lined it up with the edge of my face.

The first few vertexes were quite easy to place along the face. However, when starting to work inwards, it became more and more difficult to work out exactly where to place the vertexes. I soon started placing the vertexes on and it became slightly easier when working round the features of the face. I spent quite some time tweaking the position of the vertexes getting them where I thought was the right position.

The eye was a difficult part to pull out as many of the vertexes overlapped and made it difficult to work out where exactly to place them. I did get them placed in more or less the right position, which could be tweaked later.

I finally had half a mask of a face which looked ok for my first attempt. I spent more time tweaking vertexes trying to get them in the best position.

The next stage is to mirror the face and get the other half positioned.